Development of pericardial fat count images using a combination of three different deep-learning models

Rationale and Objectives: Pericardial fat (PF), the thoracic visceral fat surrounding the heart, promotes the development of coronary artery disease by inducing inflammation of the coronary arteries. For evaluating PF, this study aimed to generate pericardial fat count images (PFCIs) from chest radiographs (CXRs) using a dedicated deep-learning model. Materials and Methods: The data of 269 consecutive patients who underwent coronary computed tomography (CT) were reviewed. Patients with metal implants, pleural effusion, history of thoracic surgery, or that of malignancy were excluded. Thus, the data of 191 patients were used. PFCIs were generated from the projection of three-dimensional CT images, where fat accumulation was represented by a high pixel value. Three different deep-learning models, including CycleGAN, were combined in the proposed method to generate PFCIs from CXRs. A single CycleGAN-based model was used to generate PFCIs from CXRs for comparison with the proposed method. To evaluate the image quality of the generated PFCIs, structural similarity index measure (SSIM), mean squared error (MSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) of (i) the PFCI generated using the proposed method and (ii) the PFCI generated using the single model were compared. Results: The mean SSIM, MSE, and MAE were as follows: 0.856, 0.0128, and 0.0357, respectively, for the proposed model; and 0.762, 0.0198, and 0.0504, respectively, for the single CycleGAN-based model. Conclusion: PFCIs generated from CXRs with the proposed model showed better performance than those with the single model. PFCI evaluation without CT may be possible with the proposed method

A Histochemical Study of Cytoplasmic Bodies in the Thymo-lymphatic Tissues of the mouse

At the beginning of the 20th century, the cytoplasmic bodies which appear in the lymphoid tissues of mammals had received much attention of haematologists, in the relation to the origin of the blood platelets. However, since Wright described and figured in 1910 the process of cytoplasmic budding of megakaryocytes by the use of his own technics, the biological significance of the cytoplasmic bodies in the lymphoid tissues has been ignored until now. Recent works on the formation of antibodies in the lymphoid tissue seem to suggest, on the other hand, that these bodies would play an important role in the immune response. Consequently, we attended a renewed study of these bodies. In this paper we described the results of histochemical observations on these bodies in, the mesenteric lymph node and thymus of adult mice. The chief findings are as follows: 1. Cytoplasmic bodies are found in large number in the mesenteric lymph node of adult mice. They also occur in the thymus, though in much smaller numbers. 2. Cytoplasmic bodies in the thymolymphatic tissues vary greatly in size, from the size of blood platelets to that of small lymphocytes, and are commonly round in shape. They often contain pyroninophilic granules. 3. Staining of these bodies with methyl green-pyronin and acridine orange revealed that they contain abundant RNA. However, no evidence was obtained for the presence of DNA in these bodies. 4. After digestion of the samples with RNase, the pyroninophilia of these bodies disappeared completely. This suggests that the pyroninophilic granules of these bodies might be regarded as ribosomes

Regioselective Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydropyridines by Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Pyridines

Pyridine undergoes addition of pinacolborane at 50 °C in the presence of a rhodium catalyst, giving <i>N</i>-boryl-1,2-dihydropyridine in a high yield. The selective 1,2-hydroboration also takes place in the reactions of substituted pyridines. In the reaction of 3-substituted pyridines, 3-substituted <i>N</i>-boryl-1,2-dihydropyridines are formed regioselectively

Synthesis of Cyclic Alkenylborates via Silaboration of Alkynes Followed by Hydrolysis for Utilization in External-Base-Free Cross Coupling

Cyclic alkenylborates have been synthesized regioselectively via a palladium-catalyzed regioselective silaboration of terminal alkynes with ClMe₂Si–B­(pin) followed by basic hydrolysis. The cyclic borates undergo cross coupling with 4-iodoanisole in the absence of an external base

Supramolecular Porphyrin‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks with Fullerenes: Crystal Structures and Preferential Intercalation of C70

The syntheses and characterization of two new porphyrin‐based metal–organic frameworks (P‐MOFs), through the complexation of 5,10,15,20‐tetra‐4‐pyridyl‐21 H,23 H‐porphine (H2TPyP) and copper(II) acetate (CuAcO) in the presence of the fullerenes C60 or C70 are reported. Complex 1 was synthesized in conjunction with C60, and this reaction produced a two‐dimensional (2D) porous structure with the composition CuAcO‐CuTPyP⊃m‐dichlorobenzene (m‐DCB), in which C60 molecules were not intercalated. Complex 2 was synthesized in the presence of C70, generating a three‐dimensional (3D) porous structure, in which C70 was intercalated, with the composition CuAcO‐CuTPyP⋅C70⊃m‐DCB⋅CHCl3. The structures of these materials were determined by X‐ray diffraction to identify the supramolecular interactions that lead to 2D and 3D crystal packing motifs. When a combination of C60 and C70 was employed, C70 was found to be preferentially intercalated between the porphyrins.How Porefessional: Solutions of copper(II) acetate (CuAcO), 5,10,15,20‐tetra‐4‐pyridyl‐21 H,23H‐porphine (H2TPyP), and fullerenes C70 or C60 produce crystalline precipitates with the compositions CuAcO‐CuTPyP⊃m‐dichlorobenzene (m‐DCB) (1) and CuAcO‐CuTPyP⋅C70⊃m‐DCB⋅CHCl3 (2). The structures of these materials have been determined by X‐ray diffraction to identify the supramolecular interactions that lead to two‐ and three‐dimensional crystal packing motifs. Complexation in the presence of both C60 and C70 leads to preferential intercalation of C70 between the porphyrins.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137276/1/asia201501422-sup-0001-misc_information.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137276/2/asia201501422.pd

Investigation of the unbound 21C nucleus via transfer reaction

The cross section of the transfer reaction 20C(d,p)21C at 30.0 MeV is investigated. The continuum-discretized coupled-channels method (CDCC) is used in order to obtain the final state wave function. The smoothing procedure of the transition matrix and the channel-coupling effect on the cross section are discussed